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Painting roofs white lower city heat
By Nidz Godino
“We comprehensively tested multiple methods cities like London could use to adapt to and mitigate warming temperatures, and found that cool roofs were best way to keep temperatures down during extremely hot summer days,” study’s lead author, Oscar Brousse from UCL said white or reflective paint is more effective at cooling cities than covering roofs in solar panels or greenery, scientists say, and could offer some relief on extremely hot summer days.
Two separate studies looked at effect of ‘cool roofing’ and found using white or reflective coatings could reduce outdoor city temperatures by up to 2 degrees Celsius.
Scientists at University College London (UCL) used model of Greater London to test various cooling methods against its hottest days of 2018, when city endured record-breaking summer.
Results, published in journal Geophysical Research Letters, found if adopted widely, cool roofs could reduce surrounding temperature between 1.2C to 2C.
Other approaches, like planting vegetation at street level or installing solar panels, provided much smaller cooling effect at about 0.3C on average across London, study found.
Covering roofs in greenery had “negligible” impact on temperatures, it found, though could offer other benefits like better water draining and habitats for wildlife.
“Other methods had various important side benefits, but none were able to reduce outdoor urban heat to nearly same level.”
Scientists also found air conditioning, transfers heat from inside buildings to the outside, could warm environment by as much as 1C in dense central London.
“By reflecting rather than absorbing heat, cool roofs have dual benefit of not only cooling outside urban environment but inside of buildings as well,” report said
Separate study published in March looked at real-world results from painting not just roofs, but also roads and outside walls white in industrial district of Singapore.
Researchers demonstrated overall temperatures were reduced up to 2C in the afternoon, helping pedestrians feel 1.5C cooler in tropical climes.
Lighter surfaces reflect heat rather than absorbing it, effect known as albedo.
Surfaces with high albedo include snow and ice, or light-colored urban materials. By contrast, asphalt has low albedo, absorbing more energy and therefore heat, as do oceans and forests.
Roofing made of white plastic materials have been found in other studies to reflect 80 percent of sunlight that reaches it.
Among other locations, cool roofing has already been rolled out in Greece, vulnerable to scorching summer highs, and parts of India where heatwaves can be extreme.
Some experiments painting roads and footpaths white have proven less popular, with some complaints about glare and dirty surfaces in cities that tested this approach in the United States and France.
Cities are ‘heat islands’ experience higher temperatures than their surroundings, with energy from the sun absorbed in buildings and roads.
As world’s population continues to migrate to cities, and heatwaves become longer and stronger because of climate change, finding ways to adapt will become priority for urban planners.
White roofing was “minimally intrusive solution for urban cooling that has an immediate effect compared to other options” that require more intervention, said E V S Kiran Kumar Donthu, the lead author of Singapore study.
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